Ernest Hemingway first discovered Pamplona in July 1923 and became deeply fascinated by the city and its festivities. He arrived with his first wife, Hadley Richardson, and found in the San Fermin festival a unique combination of excitement, tradition, and humanity that would influence the rest of his life. Over the decades, he returned many times, observing how both the city and he himself changed over time. His last visit took place in 1959, when he was already an internationally renowned literary figure and had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Pamplona’s imprint was immortalized in his novel The Sun Also Rises, published in 1926. The book was inspired by experiences he lived during the 1925 San Fermin festival with a group of American and British friends. Although the novel is famous for its bullfighting scenes and its portrayal of the festival, it is primarily about human relationships: friendships, rivalries, love affairs, and conflicts that unfold amid the intense atmosphere of San Fermin. Many of the characters were inspired by real people who accompanied Hemingway on those journeys.
During his visits, Hemingway frequented many places that today form part of his legacy in Pamplona. He stayed in different hotels and private residences, visited iconic cafés and restaurants, and maintained close relationships with enthusiasts and professionals from the bullfighting world. Some of these locations appear transformed into literary settings in "The Sun Also Rises", turning the city into a genuine map of references for readers and visitors. Places such as Café Iruña, Hotel Quintana—transformed into Hotel Montoya in the novel—and Casa Marceliano restaurant are part of this literary geography.
More than a century after his first visit, the relationship between Hemingway and Pamplona remains one of the best-known connections between a Spanish city and a foreign writer. His stories played a decisive role in introducing the San Fermin festival to the world and attracted generations of travelers interested in discovering the celebration that inspired him so deeply. Thanks to his work, Pamplona gained a prominent place in world literature, and the San Fermin festival became an international symbol of Spanish festive culture.
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In summary: Hemingway was a writer, He visited Pamplona many times.
He greatly enjoyed the San Fermin festival.
He wrote the novel "The Sun Also Rises". His book made the San Fermin Festival famous throughout the world.
